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Mechanism Mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the 12S rRNA gene. Activates AMPK pathway, enhances glucose uptake, improves insulin sensitivity, and regulates cellular metabolism. Functions as a mitochondrial signaling molecule. Half-Life Estimated 2-4 hours Route subcutaneous Frequency 3-5x/week
FDA Category Research peptide (removed from FDA Category 2) Reclassification removed-from-cat2 Date Restricted 2023-09-29 Announced Return 2026-02-27
Inclusion of a compound does not constitute endorsement. Information sourced from published research and regulatory filings.
MOTS-c
Removed from Cat 2
Longevity & Immune · Research peptide (multiple suppliers)
Mitochondrial-derived peptide researched for metabolic regulation and insulin sensitivity. Not FDA-approved for any indication.
About
Clinical Dosing
5-10 mg3-5x/week
Removed from Category 2 by FDA (April 15, 2026). Will be evaluated by PCAC beginning July 2026. Not yet Category 1 — awaiting formal PCAC review.
Dosing extrapolated from animal studies and community protocols. No large-scale human clinical trials.
Regulatory Status
Status based on publicly available FDA communications. Verify at FDA.gov for authoritative guidance.
View full regulatory timeline →Titration Protocols
Research Protocol
Source: Lee et al., Cell Metabolism, 2015
| Dose | Duration | Draw (5 mg vial in 2mL) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 mg | Maintenance | 2.00 mL (200 units) | Standard research dose 3-5x/week |
Available Vial Sizes
5 mg
5 mg vial
10 mg
10 mg vial
Citations
- [1]The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis and Reduces Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Cell Metabolism, 21(3), 443-454. Link(Reviewed: 2026-02-27)